150 Million Years of Snake Evolution

Considering how diverse they are today--nearly 500 genera comprising almost 3,000 named species--we still know surprisingly little about the ultimate origin of snakes. Clearly, these cold-blooded, slithering, legless creatures evolved from four-legged reptilian ancestors, either small, burrowing, landbound lizards (the prevailing theory) or, just possibly, the family of  marine reptiles called mosasaurs that appeared in the earths seas around 100 million years ago. Piecing Together the Evolution of Snakes Why is snake evolution such an enduring mystery? A big part of the problem is that the vast majority of snakes are small, relatively fragile creatures, and their even smaller, even more fragile ancestors are represented in the fossil record by incomplete remains, mostly consisting of scattered vertebrae. Paleontologists have discovered putative snake fossils dating as far back as 150 million years, to the late Jurassic period, but the traces are so evanescent as to be practically useless. (Further complicating matters, snake-like amphibians called aistopods appear in the fossil record over 300 million years ago, the most notable genus being Ophiderpeton; these were completely unrelated to modern snakes.) Recently, though, solid fossil evidence has emerged for Eophis, a 10-inch-long middle Jurassic snake native to England. The Early Snakes of the Cretaceous Period Needless to say, the key event in snake evolution was the gradual withering away of these reptiles front and hind limbs. Creationists like to claim that there are no such transitional forms in the fossil record, but in the case of prehistoric snakes theyre dead wrong: paleontologists have identified no less than four separate genera, dating back to the Cretaceous period, that was equipped with stubby, vestigial hind legs. Oddly enough, three of these snakes--Eupodophis, Haasiophis, and Pachyrhachis--were discovered in the Middle East, not otherwise a hotbed of fossil activity, while a fourth, Najash, lived on the other side of the world, in South America. What do these two-legged ancestors reveal about snake evolution? Well, that answer is complicated by the fact that the Middle Eastern genera were discovered first--and, since they were found in geologic strata that were submerged in water a hundred million years ago, paleontologists took that as evidence  that snakes as a whole evolved from water-dwelling reptiles, most likely the sleek, fierce mosasaurs of the late Cretaceous period. Unfortunately, the South American Najash throws a monkey wrench into that theory: this two-legged snake was clearly terrestrial, and appears in the fossil record at roughly the same time as its Middle Eastern cousins. Today, the prevailing view is that snakes evolved from an as-yet-unidentified land-dwelling (and probably burrowing) lizard of the early Cretaceous period, most likely a type of lizard known as a varanid. Today, varanids are represented by monitor lizards (genus Varanus), the largest living lizards on earth. Oddly enough, then, prehistoric snakes may have been kissing cousins of the giant prehistoric monitor lizard Megalania, which measured about 25 feet from head to tail and weighed over two tons! The Giant Prehistoric Snakes of the Cenozoic Era Speaking of giant monitor lizards, some prehistoric snakes also attained gigantic sizes, though once again the fossil evidence can be frustratingly inconclusive. Until recently, the biggest prehistoric snake in the fossil record was the appropriately named Gigantophis, a late Eocene monster that measured about 33 feet from head to tail and weighed as much as half a ton. Technically, Gigantophis is classified as a madtsoiid snake, meaning it was closely related to the widespread genus Madtsoia. Unfortunately for Gigantophis fans, this prehistoric snake has been eclipsed in the record books by an even bigger genus with an even cooler name: the South American Titanoboa, which measured over 50 feet long and conceivably weighed as much as a ton. Oddly enough, Titanoboa dates from the middle Paleocene epoch, about five million years after the dinosaurs went extinct but millions of years before mammals evolved into giant sizes. The only logical conclusion is that this prehistoric snake preyed on equally huge prehistoric crocodiles, a scenario you can expect to see computer-simulated in some future TV special; it may also have occasionally crossed paths with the equally giant prehistoric turtle Carbonemys.

Cosmological Arugment - 984 Words

Cosmological Argument Many philosophers have provided their arguments for the existence of God. Their arguments are a priori or a posteriori. A posteriori is based on experience of how the world is. In which the Cosmological view of William L. Rowe comes from. This paper will show how Rowe took the cosmological argument and its principle of sufficient reason and failed to make it an established argument of the existence of God. Cosmological Argument has been taking by many and divided into parts of their argument. Rowe was influenced by the Philosophers Saint Thomas Aquinas in the thirteenth century and Samuel Clarke in the eighteenth century. All men have similar view points, also are slightly different, and can be translated†¦show more content†¦For the ones who know three plus three equals does and must equal six, are not always for the principle of sufficient reason and â€Å"some even claim that the principle is false† (Rowe 55). Thus I believe that there are things and positive facts that do not need explanation. The second of which Principles of sufficient reason is defended is by â€Å"claiming that although it is not known to be true, it is, nevertheless, a presupposition of reason, a basic assumption that rational people make† (Rowe 55). A person for principle of sufficient reason says that all of us already think that principle of sufficient reason is true. The problem with this is that even if we do believe that principle of sufficient reason is true, us believing in it does not make it true. I believe in one thing and another person might believe in something completely different. Holding ones belief in some subject does not make it true nor does it make it false. In conclusion if one wants to hold the Cosmological Argument to prove the existence of God, then the proof of the principle of sufficient reason needs to have more evidence. The principles of sufficient reason are what make up the premises of Cosmological Argument in which have no evidence of being true. Therefore one cannot use the Cosmological Argument to prove the existence of God, until the principle of sufficient reason has more evidence to back its

Essay on The Great Depression and The New Deal - 1211 Words

The Great Depression and The New Deal The Great Depression first started as early as 1928, but did not affect the United States until 1929. The Great Stock Market crash started the event of the Depression here in America, but was not the main cause to why it happened. During the early stages of the depression, President Hoover failed to help the economy and continued with his belief system of giving people the least help they needed, so they can earn themselves a rightful spot with pride, not with government’s help. The Great Depression was a very intense experience for us, even until today, the†¦show more content†¦As the poor became poorer, they could no longer afford luxury items, and the rich no longer needed so many cheap items. So overproduction was a great impact on the production industry, as well as on agriculture, where the decline of farm prices was great, and since the industrial revolution and World War 1, had not been benefited. Technology pushed people out of jobs and the US out of the trading cycle of the world. But the US added higher tariffs, the other countries rebelled and posted their own tariffs, so no country had money flowing in or out. Within 3 years, the GNP dropped by almost 50% from $104 billion to 459 billion. Since we had a weak banking system, more than 5,500 banks closed down and people lost all their money that was inside, with no guarantee of ever getting anything back. Farm prices decreased by 60% of what it’s normally worth and the only thing that seemed to increase was unemployment rates, from 3% to 25%. Our president during this time, Hoover urges everyone to remain optimistic and wanted strong faith from vo lunteers. But these volunteers were also in the same state as the people. He asked businessmen to maintain wages and employment, and askedShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression And The New Deal1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic collapse that occurred in the 1930s. It was a pivotal moment in American history. Its effects were not only felt in the United States, but spread worldwide. In response and as an attempt to rectify the calamity, President Franklin D. Roosevelt launched a set of federal programs called the New Deal. The New Deal was aimed at bringing about an end to the crippling Great Depression with the least amount of economic casualties in America as possibleRead MoreThe Great Depression : The New Deal853 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Depression brought many changes to the United States of Americas but the New Deal allowed for the protection of the entire nation. At first political leaders like Herbert Hoover, felt that the depression was only temporary and failed to comprehend the depth that the nation was in. Women and minorities began losing their jobs faster than men but soon when white men were walking down the streets searching for an opportunity. When Roosevelt took office in date he would address the depressionRead MoreThe Great Depression And The New Deal Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pages1930s were a time of great suffering and uncertainty in the United States. The country was crippled by effects of the Great Depression; the result was a massive decline in jobs and economic stabi lity that dramatically impacted both rural and urban communities. Millions of Americans were out of work, unable to support their families. State organizations and charities were unable to meet the growing needs of the people and many were left to fend for themselves. The Great Depression brought with it aRead MoreThe Great Depression And The New Deal1177 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussing how women, blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans, were impacted by the Depression and the New Deal. I will also be discussing the long-term legacies of the New Deal and the major historical assessments that have been made of the New Deal. I will also be giving my thoughts and views on the assessments that have been made of the New Deal. The New Deal and Minorities The Great Depression was caused by the stock market crash in 1929. This stock market crash put the UnitedRead MoreThe New Deal : The Great Depression2088 Words   |  9 PagesAlexis Brucell History 17B Professor Dan Defoe 2 April 2016 The New Deal In the 1930s America was experiencing what was the Great Depression, â€Å"the worst economic disaster in American History† (Foner, 158). The economy had hit an all-time low and unemployment was at its peak. After elected, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s created the â€Å"New Deal†, and it was the greatest reform movement of its time. The New Deal provided a daring reform policy without starting a war or revolution. Even thoughRead MoreThe Great Depression And The New Deal2393 Words   |  10 PagesIn the early 1920s, after the close of World War I a couple years earlier, Americans were seemingly prospering in their daily affairs. The nine-year span from 1920 to 1929 was filled with new and stirring changes; inventions, like automobiles powered by gas, innovative household appliances, like radios and vacuums, women’s suffrage, and more were taking off and changing the era. Companies were thriving in what was known as the Roaring Twenties. Stocks and production were greatly increasing too. ThisRead MoreImpact Of The New Deal On The Great Depression1355 Words   |  6 Pages Impact of the New Deal on the Great Depression Preceding the Great Depression, the United States went through a glorious age of prosperity, with a booming market, social changes, and urbanization; America was changing. At the end of the 1920’s and well through the 1930’s, America was faced with its greatest challenge yet; the 1929 stock market crash. It would be the end of the prosperity of the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†. Now the American government and its citizens were faced with a failing economyRead MoreThe Great Depression and the New Deal Essay example999 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Depression The Great Depression and the New Deal In response to the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt was ready for action unlike the previous President, Hubert Hoover. Hoover allowed the country to fall into a complete state of depression with his small concern of the major economic problems occurring. FDR began to show major and immediate improvements, with his outstanding actions during the First Hundred Days. He declared the bankRead MoreImpact Of The New Deal And Programs On The Great Depression1274 Words   |  6 Pages Impact of the New Deal and programs on the Great Depression Preceding the Great Depression, the United States went through a glorious age of prosperity, with a booming market, social changes,and urbanization..America was changing. At the end of the 1920’s well through the 1930’s, America was faced with it’s greatest challenge yet. The 1929 stock market crash was the end to the prosperity of the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†. Now the people and government were faced with a huge problem,a failing economy. PresidentRead MoreGreat Depression and New Deal Study Guide1119 Words   |  5 PagesGreat Depression and New Deal Study Guide: Events Causes/Effects of the Great Depression: widespread banking failures. The banks invested people’s money in the stock market and created major losses. Goals of the New Deal- three goals: relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform Causes of the Dust Bowl The Bonus Army The Crash of 1929 People Herbert Hoover- was the president at the start of the great depression. He was the republican nominee but he realized later

The Themes Of The Movie Arrival - 1245 Words

What makes a film great to the viewer watching it? Is it the plot of the story? Maybe even the timing of the film? Possibly the special effects? The answer is all of it makes a movie great. You cannot just take in a few things to determine if the movie fulfills your standards of what makes a film good. There are a few things that really makes the movie Arrival stand out as one of the better films of 2016. I believe that Arrival is built on the foundation that all great movies have a relatable theme, show good acting, and brings out certain emotion that keeps us wanting more. The movie Arrival is about aliens that come to Earth and bring a chaotic event that causes all countries to isolate from one another. It is up to two characters†¦show more content†¦Louise could see into the future when she figured out the heptapod language. She knew that her daughter, Hannah, was going to die regardless of whatever she could do to stop it. Louise also knew that she could never have a ch ild, but she still chooses to. She chose to have a child and knew that it would suffer from a certain illness, but would rather take on that situation than live her whole life knowing that her child was going to die. This teaches viewers to appreciate the what they have in life because nothing lasts forever, but the memories that are made will. Another thing that makes Arrival a great film is that Amy Adams and Jeremy Renner do an amazing job portraying Ian and Louise in Arrival. â€Å"Amy Adams is a miracle worker of an actress – she makes us believe in whoever and whatever shes playing† (Travers). That quote can’t be truer. Amy Adams really makes the viewer believe that she is a linguistics professor who has previously worked for the military and is now acting as a liaison between the aliens and the humans. The first encounter with the aliens when Amy Adams is experiencing all of this for the first time, you can tell it is suspenseful because she is not sure w hat is going to happen making all these questions arise within the film. During the third encounter with the aliens Adams and Renner take off their hazmat suits. Adams touches the glass to try to almost connect with theShow MoreRelatedMy Favorite Movie ( I, Robot )741 Words   |  3 Pages Favorite Movie Essay (I, Robot) My favorite movie is the 2004 Sci-Fi film I, Robot directed by Alex Proyas which takes place in Chicago during the year 2035. In this world, robots have become an everyday thing. A police officer named Del Spooner, notorious for his deep entrenched hatred of robots, is called to investigate a crime where he finds a sentient robot named Sonny. Spooner’s investigations reveal massive secrets for which he faces backlash until an A.I. machine named V.I.K.I overrides theRead MoreJohn Williamss Soundtrack for Harry Potter1283 Words   |  6 PagesColumbus. The story of Harry Potter is magical as is however; the movie needed a little extra magic. This extra magic needed to be added through music. Director Chris Columbus chose John Williams to compose the music for a promotional reel (John Williams). After Columbus heard the song for the promotional reel he knew they had to have Williams compose the entire movie (John Williams). Williams created an entire score for the movie and call ed it â€Å"The Harry Potter Suite.† â€Å"The Harry Potter Suite† hasRead MoreGreat Gatsby Film Analysis717 Words   |  3 PagesThis movie was very realistic and portrayed the ideal lifestyle of people in the 1920s due to various scenes and reasons. In the book was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald and goes over the same criteria as the movie. The book goes into more detail of the lavish lifestyle and what t was like to be a wealthy rich person at the time living New York The Great Gatsby was told by a character named Nick. Nick was an educated scholar from Yale who moved from Minnesota to New York. After his arrival in NewRead MoreAvatar and Imperialism686 Words   |  3 PagesThe movie Avatar shares many themes with the Age of Imperialism. In the movie, the human protagonist takes the form of a local alien Navi in a conflict between humans and the Navi. The conflict arises because the humans in the film have arrived at the home of the Navi, Pandora, and begun to exploit its resources. At first, they ignored the Navi, but their quest for resources is now taking them into direct conflict with the native peoples of Pandora. The Navi are the only humanoid residentsRead MoreGrapes of Wrath essay820 Words   |  4 Pagesway theyve been told. The constant inflow of displace tenant farmers has dramatically increased the demand for work while also deflating wages. Upon arrival, the Joad family are purposefully made to feel unwelcome. Desperate for work, they submit themselves to the abuse from the Californian employers. The Grapes of Wrath exhibits several American themes such as of hard work and self-determination. This realist novel is really the first literature to shed light on life during the Dust Bowl. The bookRead MoreTheme Of Looking For Alibrandi813 Words   |  4 PagesLooking for Alibrandi explore the themes loss and grief, resilience, and culture and traditions? Looking for Alibrandi is a novel by Melina Marchetta that follows the story of the protagonist Josie Alibrandi, a 17-year-old girl facing family issues and the struggles of adolescence. 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It is also a term from the criticism that accepts Jung’s idea of recurring patterns of situation, character, or symbol existing universally and instinctively in the collectiveRead MoreEssay about Remember the Titans: Movie Review1011 Words   |  5 PagesRemember the Titans Movie Review The arrival of African slaves, sold in the plantations of colonial America, definitely triggered a superior-inferior relationship and mentality between â€Å"the whites† and â€Å"the blacks†. This present-day culture, resulting from a society of masters and slaves, has struggled against central concepts deeply rooted in the nations past .With strong cultural values on racial discrimination, the path towards the concept of racism in America was a vital moment in the courseRead MoreHow Accurate Was the New World1434 Words   |  6 Pageshistorically accurate is the new world 1.) How historically accurate was the movie you watched? How do you know? Did any inaccuracies affect your perception of history? 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Pomina-Vietnam Analasys Free Essays

Pomina Steel Company was established in 1999 with chartered capital 42 billion VND and the capacity of 300,000 tons/ year. Their main businesses are iron and steel production, recycling of scrap metal and trading of steel products. Pomina is one of the most trustworthy brands in producing steel in the south of Viet Nam and is the first firm in the south gets 2 certificates about quality and environment ISO 9001, ISO 14001. We will write a custom essay sample on Pomina-Vietnam Analasys or any similar topic only for you Order Now Start up in Binh Duong was considered like the good land to grow the firm. They put the quality on the top of concern to create the difference and the comparative advantages in the intensive competitive environment, so the founders has selected to invest in leading technological lines of steel lamination is Vai-Pomini and Simac from Italy. In 2002, Pomina can provide for the market above 600,000 tons of laminating steel per year. In 2005 Pomina invested in Phu My industrial zone to build the draft refining company with the capacity 500,000 tons/ year. This was also the first refining company using Consteel technology in Viet Nam and the 20th in the world. In 2007, the total capacity of Pomina’s companies reached 500,000 tons of refining and 600,000 tons of laminating per year. Besides serving domestic customers, Pomina also exported to Cambodia and by 2006, the revenue of exportation was 20 million USD. In July 2009, Pomina increased the chartered capital to 820 billion VND by separate issue and they were accepted as a public company by The State Securities Commission. On the other hand, Pomina run a lot of social activities and charity in trying helping poor people, which make them have a lot of favor from society, customers and create the development more and more. In April 2010, Pomina made its initial public offer on the HCM City Stock Exchange (HOSE) with the par value of 48,000 VND per share. The list code of the company is POM. The number of listed shares was 80 million shares and separate issue of 10 million shares for institution that want to invest. How to cite Pomina-Vietnam Analasys, Essay examples

Job Satisfaction with Staff Development-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Staff Development Impact on Job Satisfaction amongst Bank Employees in UAE. Answer: Introduction Globalization and technological advent have led to diversification, which led to companies offering goods and services across national boundaries. Most integral resource of a company is human resource on which a company has tremendous amount of dependence(Judge, 2008). Turnover and absenteeism amongst staffs and employees have been found to be high with companies that do not take any action with staffs and employees. Figure 1: Job Satisfaction with Staff Development Banks in UAE have been faced with major competitive threats from globalisation and opening up of markets with foreign banks coming in. While foreign banks offered its employees with immense scope of development and training, banks in UAE though updated their systems, focused on employees or staffs developing themselves solely. They allowed short breaks and also paid leaves for upgrading their knowledge, skills and expertise levels. However, these banks did not undertake any in-house training or development that can lead to staff development(Aziri, 2011). The scope of this study is focused on two hypothesis, null hypothesis (H0) being staff development did not have any impact on job satisfaction and alternate hypothesis (H1) being staff development does impact job satisfaction levels. The study is conducted across 50 listed banks in UAE. Employees and staffs were taken from several branches of these listed banks and then research methods were applied to arrive at findings for the stud y. Literature Review A brief analysis of relevant literatures is relevant for conducting study of any type. A literature study examines pertinent journals, articles, books and other internet sources for forming valuable inputs to the study. In order to examine connection between staff development with that of job satisfaction several pertinent literatures have been used for the study. In the domain of organizational psychology, job satisfaction comprises of the most integral domain that discusses work-related attitudes(Huey Yiing, 2009). Human capital theory discusses relevant literatures that help establish relation between staff development and training with that of job satisfaction. Though there are several existing literatures, there are no pertinent findings to define relationship between staff development with that of job satisfaction. Hence, the scope of this study aims at filling existing gap between these relevant literatures for arriving at findings regarding the study. S. Aydogdu (2011) articl e, An empirical study of the relationship among job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention. In the International review of management and marketing, volume 1(3), pages 43 provides relevant insight into establishing a connect of staff development with that of job satisfaction (Aydogdu, 2011). The scope of this article defines that employees on whom there were investment in regards to job training and development, stay longer with the organisation and have higher job satisfaction levels. Similarly, organizations that do not involve in staff developement have higher rates of employee turnover and absenteeism rates(Joo, 2010). Another pertiennt article in the domain of M.L.G. Griffin (2010), Job involvement, job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment and the burnout of correctional staff. In the Criminal Justice and behavior, volume 37(2), pages 239 to 255(Griffin, 2010). This article emphasizes on the importance of employee development and training practices, which enables individuals to gain knowledge and also upgrade skills to developing compet itive standards. Employee development is increasingly being recognised as an important aspect for providing career development opportunities and for succession planning. Job satisfaction is a well-researched work-related variable that is shown to negatively impact employees in absence of staff development(Bright, 2008). It can result in an undesirable beahviour as absenteeism and turnover. Understanding employee perspective in relation to a particular job has been accepeted as an important idea that generates job satisfaction. An article that explains the factor in a greater way is by H.O.Lee (2008) Factors influencing job satisfaction of front line nurse managers: a systematic review. In the Journal of nursing management, volume 16(7), pages 768 to 783(Lee, 2008). Relationship variable that links job satisfaction to factors in which employee can contribute comprise of Training and Development and Employee motivation. While employee motivation is a much more complicated variable, the concept of development can be understood and applied in a better mechanism. Organization as banks that have adapted a new system, needs to develop its staffs and employees is an easier understood fact compared to an organization needs to motivate its employees(Vandenabeele, 2009). I.Ycel (2012) article, Examining the relationships among job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention: An empirical study. In the International Journal of Business and Management, volume 7(20), page 44(Ycel, 2012). The scope of this article highlights the several factors that can highten organizational commitment within employee. While exploring various factors it was easily understood that staff and employee development can greatly contribute in employee to achieve their organizational objectives and also increasing productivity(De Gieter, 2011). The primary aim of listed banks in UAE is to achieve its productivity by enhancing level of performance. Increasing level of performance can lead to employees performing in an orineted manner towards its goal and objectives. Therefore, it becomes essential that employees tsrive towards organziational goals in a motivated fashion ina well-defined manner. Development allows employees easily attain those goals with clear defined objectives, reducing their levels of stress(Valentine, 2008). Thus, reducing employee burn-out and achieving their goals easily can allow them to be highly satisfied with their jobs. Research Questions In order to arrive at appropriate findings regarding the study, the following research questions needs to be answered(Kafetsios, 2008). The following research questions will also help arrive at the hypothesis for the study. Research Question 1: What are the quantifiable and qualitative factors related to job satisfaction? Research Question 2: What are the factors (remunerative or any other) in which employees in UAE banks are lagging? Research Question 3: How can employees in listed banks in UAE be motivated (intrinsic or extrinsic)? Research Question 4: What are the impacts from staff development on bank employees in UAE? Research Question 5: In what ways are staff development linked to job satisfaction? Proposed Methods The study will be conducted using research questionnaire that participants in the study will need to fill out. The research design will ensure step by step completion of the processes of the study. Firstly, the scholar will ascertain research methods that will be used along with pertinent research philosophy(Yang, 2008). Explorative philosophy will match the requirements of the study, hence questions will be aimed at getting details from participants. Participants will be sent out questionnaires post obtaining permission from them and their branch heads. Then questionnaire will be made to fill out through email and handout procedure. A participant can select way to answer the questionnaire according to his convenience. Thus, research tool used for data gathering in the study will comprise of questionnaire from other methods available as observation, survey and other procedures. Design The scholar will aim at using research design that is most suited to the study. From explorative, descriptive, predictive and explanatory research design, the scholar will aim at selecting explorative design for the purpose of the study. In explorative research design the scholar will aim at diagnosing and analysing facts in great detail compared to other research techniques. Participants The study will be conducted using staffs and employees form the listed banks in UAE. For the purpose of the study, the scholar will aim at 200 participants, amongst which 100 will be used to collect data. Permission for conducting the study regarding their feedback will be obtained prior to conducting to the study. Participants who want to respond to the questionnaires I n the detailed format will only be asked to fill out form for the purpose of the study. A consent form for obtaining permission from each participants will be obtained. Primary selection criteria for participants will include their employment in one of listed bank in UAE. The employees will have to be at least 5 years old in the system to be subjected training or developmental projects. Participants will be aged 25 years to maximum of 40 years of age. They will mostly belong to mid managerial profiles. Sample size: The study plans to take a minimum of 100 participants for conducting its processes. At least 200 employees from the bank will be targeted, and then consent will be obtained from each of them amongst which 100 participants were selected. The selection criteria for inclusion of the candidates will be mostly dependent on their age and profile of participating. Participants only those who agree and give their consent will be in the study. This will ensure that ethical guidelines are followed appropriately in the study and adhered to. Materials: This section all relevant materials that will be used for conducting procedures of the study. For the purpose of this study, questionnaire will be used in printed format and email format. Some participants will be emailed the questionnaire for filing them up while most participants will be handed over a printed format of questionnaire for the study purpose. Apart from questionnaire, the scholar aims to meet every employee of the study for interview sessions for obtaining relevant inputs regarding the study. Measures Used: For the purpose of obtaining relevant input in the questionnaire standardized sets of questionnaire will be used. Reply will be based on Yes or No and rating will be provided measuring on a scale of 1 through 4. The questionnaire will be prepared using published questionnaire to obtain relevant inputs regarding bank employee staff development and trainings. All data collected from questionnaire method will be cross-checked and verified for testing of reliability and validity. For the purpose of interview, scholar will make use of structured interviews with recording sessions. Participants will be asked their permission prior to recording their input into the video. The video will be transcribed by the scholar himself. Procedure In order to collect data that are relevant and reliable in nature, a procedure for data collection will be used. This section includes a step by step procedure for data collection that will be used in the study(Giallonardo, 2010). The scholar will print out a formal letter along with a consent form for getting consent and feedback from employees and bank managers. Once managers of listed banks at UAE have approved the procedure for the interview and questionnaire to be conducted at the bank then the scholar can go ahead for obtaining input from individual employees. The entire study has been piloted by the scholar for collecting data in an appropriate format and arriving at suitable findings for the study. Prior to finalizing methods for the study, certain amendments have been made to it that includes changes being made to some of its questions. Participants will be subjected to a number of events for the purpose of conducting the study, firstly consent will be obtained from them, th en they will be briefed regarding procedure of the study, then they will be provided with the questionnaire. They will be asked to fill up the questionnaire within 5 days, post which they will be interviewed for obtaining relevant inputs. Finally the data will be collected for the purpose of the study and it will be analysed for the same. All data collected from the participants will be strictly confidential in nature and will not be available to anyone. The study will not disclose names, contact details or any other details related to feedback to anyone outside. Strict confidentiality will be maintained for participants who will be willing to be a part of the study. Data Analysis There will be primary as well as secondary data that will be collected for the purpose of the study. Then data analysis on collected data will be conducted in order to establish critical findings related to the study(Mahmoud, 2008). Data analysis for collected data is necessary as it allows to draw insight into key understanding related to the study. Data collected will be of qualitative as well as quantitative nature. Once data is collected qualitative data will be analysed using inductive techniques. For the purpose of qualitative data analysis mostly, theories and concepts obtained from literature review guidelines will act as key to arriving at findings related to the study. Quantitative data will be analysed using statistical procedures using mean, correlation, regression and ANOVA analysis methods. Parametric statistical analysis procedures will be used for the purpose of analysing data collected. All data whether qualitative or quantitative in nature will be analysed and then cross-checked and verified to prove results for the study. Ethical Considerations The study has tried and followed ethical guidelines wherever possible. The scholar has maintained stringent restrictions while abiding by ethical guidelines and procedures. Following are some of the ethical guidelines that were followed by the scholar; Participants for the study mostly were bank employees, hence permission was asked form their branch heads as well as they while obtaining crucial information were. From total participants some of them did not participate as they felt that they will be bound to leak critical information regarding bank procedures that could harm their career. These participants were not forced to provide feedback. The scholar ascertained that the questionnaire will not contain any attribute that might impose possible hazards or sources of distress to participants Participants will be debriefed regarding the entire procedure for participating in the study. A follow up procedures will also be adhered to make sure that all participants submits the questionnaire prior to date of data analysis to the scholar. Participants were given an attached sheet with clear cut instructions that needed to be followed while filling up the questionnaire for the purpose of the study. Conclusion Analysing the effect of staff development can be multidimensional in nature. Trends in UAE depicts high adaptation of technology and other latest trends due to a number of multinational banks in the country. High competition has posed considerable threats which has impacted staff motivational levels. Banks that have trained and developed their staffs to cope with the pressure has been able to retain good quality staffs and also enhance productivity levels. Thus, the scope of this current project will analyses deeper into that concept of staff motivation to generate greater impact on banks and their productivity. Reference Lists Aydogdu, S. . (2011). An empirical study of the relationship among job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention. International review of management and marketing, 1(3), 43. Aziri, B. (2011). JOB SATISFACTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW. Management Research Practice, 3(4). Bright, L. (2008). Does public service motivation really make a difference on the job satisfaction and turnover intentions of public employees? The American Review of Public Administration, 38(2), 149-166. De Gieter, S. H. (2011). Revisiting the impact of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on nurse turnover intention: An individual differences analysis. International journal of nursing studies, 48(12), 1562-1569. Giallonardo, L. M. (2010). Authentic leadership of preceptors: predictor of new graduate nurses' work engagement and job satisfaction. Journal of nursing management, 18(8), 993-1003. Griffin, M. L.-G. (2010). Job involvement, job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment and the burnout of correctional staff. Criminal Justice and behavior, 37(2), 239-255. Huey Yiing, L. . (2009). The moderating effects of organizational culture on the relationships between leadership behaviour and organizational commitment and between organizational commitment and job satisfaction and performance. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 30(1), 53-86. Joo, B. K. (2010). Career satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention: The effects of goal orientation, organizational learning culture and developmental feedback. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 31(6), 482-500. Judge, T. A. (2008). Job satisfaction: Subjective well-being at work. Kafetsios, K. . (2008). Emotional intelligence and job satisfaction: Testing the mediatory role of positive and negative affect at work. Personality and individual differences, 44(3), 712-722. Lee, H. O. (2008). Factors influencing job satisfaction of front line nurse managers: a systematic review. Journal of nursing management, 16(7), 768-783. Mahmoud, A. H. (2008). A study of nurses' job satisfaction: the relationship to organizational commitment, perceived organizational support, transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and level of education. European journal of scientific research, 22(2), 286-295. Valentine, S. . (2008). Ethics programs, perceived corporate social responsibility and job satisfaction. Journal of business ethics, 77(2), 159-172. Vandenabeele, W. (2009). The mediating effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on self-reported performance: more robust evidence of the PSMperformance relationship. International review of administrative sciences, 75(1), 11-34. Yang, F. H. (2008). Emotional labour, job satisfaction and organizational commitment amongst clinical nurses: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(6), 879-887. Ycel, ?. (2012). Examining the relationships among job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention: An empirical study. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(20), 44.

Environmental Policies in USA

Question: Identify a policy issue that impacts or interests you. This policy issue can be at the local, state, or federal level, only USA Policy? Answer: Introduction The United States congress has been thriving towards regulating their activities that shall have a positive impact over the environment. The principal goal of the present Obama Government is also to conserve the environment for the future generations and at the same time not to recede the present liberty of the people and the commerce. The White House Office constantly frames policies and engages in agency coordination for undertaking environmental responsibilities (Kraft Furlong, 2004). Obama on Environment Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential elections managed a clear and big lead above his rival on the issues of environment and got the support of all the mainstream environmental groups. Obama also made appointments of people like Steven Chu and this clearly shows that his presidency was very serious about the environmental issues (The Daily Signal, 2015). Clean Power Plan Recently, in the lecture of convocation in a coast guard university in Connecticut, Obama clearly mentioned that climate change is a threat to the national security of the nation and is posing dangers before the police forces (Gregory Korte, 2015). Thus, to protect the change of climate, the Federal Government has made efforts to initiate a Clean Power Plan that sets out standards that are achievable for the reduction in the emissions of carbon dioxide by 32% from 2005 levels by 2030. This plan has set the goals that it intends to achieve and this will enable the states to frame appropriate policies so that the plan can be a success (The White House, 2015). This plan will not only protect the health of the American families but will also endorse in saving the family bills and thus the economy of the country will develop. The President also gave a comprehensive speech on the Clean Power Plan and stated the effectiveness of the plan along with the way it will work. Effectiveness of the Plan This plan is effective because it intends to provide incentives for the states to reduce the emissions of the power plants by the installation of new zero-carbon energy and improvising the efficiency of the fossil fired power plants if they stop using coal and start using natural gas (The White House, 2015). Ethical Standards As far as the ethical standards are concerned, the plan also intends that the economy of the nation shall develop and the environment condition shall at least remain stable if not improvise for the upcoming generations (Theenergycollective.com, 2015). Political and Social Feasibility The plan is also politically and socially feasible because it has been implemented in the federal level and the states have been asked to implement the same in their own levels. The benefits in the form of incentives also ensure social security (Theenergycollective.com, 2015). Equity Measures As far as equity is concerned, the plan will ensure jobs for a large number of unemployed people. The civil rights groups like NAACP were in fact looking for these. The solar energy sector is giving jobs to many people. To pursue the equity factors in the Clean Power Plan roll-out, many models have been framed in different levels (Kamieniecki Kraft, 2007). For instance, the Public Service Commission of New York has created new policies on renewable energy that will give better access to solar power and prioritize energy. Conclusion The plan if implemented in the way it has been discussed will definitely be a success and the goal can be attained much before the deadline. This initiative will not only help the nation but will also be a successful for controlling the pollution levels in the global scenario. The initiative is surely going to be a welcome move for the entire world. References Gregory Korte, U. (2015).Obama: Denying climate change erodes national security.USA TODAY. Retrieved 20 August 2015, from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/05/20/obama-climate-change-national-security-coast-guard/27628313/ Kamieniecki, S., Kraft, M. (2007).Business and environmental policy. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Kraft, M., Furlong, S. (2004).Public policy. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. The Daily Signal,. (2015).Obama's Dangerous on Climate Change, National Security. Retrieved 20 August 2015, from https://dailysignal.com/2015/05/22/obamas-dangerous-thinking-about-climate-change-and-national-security/ The White House,. (2015).Energy, Climate Change, and Our Environment. Retrieved 20 August 2015, from https://www.whitehouse.gov/energy Theenergycollective.com,. (2015).Clean Power Plan Effectiveness | The Energy Collective. Retrieved 20 August 2015, from https://www.theenergycollective.com/alextrembath/2257778/clearing-air